Obesity research progresses in understanding neuronal circuits and adipocyte biology to regulate metabolism. However, the interface of neuro-adipocyte interaction is less studied. We summarize the current knowledge of adipose tissue innervation and interaction with adipocytes and emphasize adipocyte transitions from white to brown adipocytes and vice versa. We further highlight emerging concepts for the differential neuronal regulation of brown/beige versus white adipocyte and the interdependence of both for metabolic regulation.