
arXiv: 2406.02057
The Whittle index policy is a heuristic that has shown remarkably good performance (with guaranteed asymptotic optimality) when applied to the class of problems known as Restless Multi-Armed Bandit Problems (RMABPs). In this article, we present QWI and QWINN, two reinforcement learning algorithms, respectively tabular and deep, to learn the Whittle index for the total discounted criterion. The key feature is the use of two time-scales, a faster one to update the state-action Q -values, and a relatively slower one to update the Whittle indices. In our main theoretical result, we show that QWI, which is a tabular implementation, converges to the real Whittle indices. We then present QWINN, an adaptation of QWI algorithm using neural networks to compute the Q -values on the faster time-scale, which is able to extrapolate information from one state to another and scales naturally to large state-space environments. For QWINN, we show that all local minima of the Bellman error are locally stable equilibria, which is the first result of its kind for DQN-based schemes. Numerical computations show that QWI and QWINN converge faster than the standard Q -learning algorithm, neural-network based approximate Q-learning, and other state-of-the-art algorithms.
[INFO.INFO-AI] Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], FOS: Computer and information sciences, CCS Concepts: Computing methodologies → Sequential decision making Machine learning Reinforcement Learning Whittle Index Markov Decision Problem Multi-armed Restless Bandit, Computer Science - Machine Learning, 330, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, [INFO.INFO-LG] Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], Reinforcement Learning, Markov Decision Problem, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Machine Learning (cs.LG), CCS Concepts:, Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI), [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], Whittle Index, Computing methodologies → Sequential decision making Machine learning
[INFO.INFO-AI] Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], FOS: Computer and information sciences, CCS Concepts: Computing methodologies → Sequential decision making Machine learning Reinforcement Learning Whittle Index Markov Decision Problem Multi-armed Restless Bandit, Computer Science - Machine Learning, 330, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, [INFO.INFO-LG] Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], Reinforcement Learning, Markov Decision Problem, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Machine Learning (cs.LG), CCS Concepts:, Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI), [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], Whittle Index, Computing methodologies → Sequential decision making Machine learning
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