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Orthogonal trees

Authors: H. S. M. Coxeter;

Orthogonal trees

Abstract

Any tree, with \(n\) edges and \(n + 1\) vertices, can be realized in Euclidean \(n\)-space so that its edges, of any chosen lengths, are mutually perpendicular. The convex hull of such an orthogonal tree is an orthogonal simplex whose dihedral angles include \((\begin{smallmatrix} n \\2 \end{smallmatrix})\) right angles. More precisely, each vertex of the tree, being also a vertex of the simplex, represents (as in a Coxeter-Dynkin diagram) the opposite facet of the simplex. The two ends of an edge of the tree represent two facets forming an acute dihedral angle; each of the remaining \((\begin{smallmatrix} n \\2 \end{smallmatrix})\) pairs of facets are orthogonal. This happens because, for any two nonadjacent vertices of the tree, the minimal subgraph joining them determines a simplex whose first and last facets are orthogonal. Since the remaining edges of the tree are orthogonal to the subspace spanned by the orthoscheme, these ``first and last facets'' are sections of orthogonal facets of the whole \(n\)-simplex.

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Keywords

orthoscheme, sections of orthogonal facets, Polyhedra and polytopes; regular figures, division of spaces, facet, orthogonal simplex, orthogonal tree, dihedral angle, Coxeter-Dynkin diagram, Combinatorial properties of polytopes and polyhedra (number of faces, shortest paths, etc.), Trees

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
Average
Average
Average
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