
We explicitly calculate the Green functions describing quantum changes of topology in Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker Universes whose spacelike sections are compact but endowed with distinct topologies. The calculations are performed using the long wavelength approximation at second order in the gradient expansion. We argue that complex metrics are necessary in order to obtain a non-vanishing Green functions and interpret this fact as demonstrating that a quantum topology change can be viewed as a quantum tunneling effect. The result shows that the quantum topology changes in the direction of negatively curved hypersurfaces are strongly enhanced as time goes on, while transitions in the opposite direction are suppressed.
High Energy Physics - Theory, Topology change, quantum cosmology, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Models of Quantum Gravity Cosmology of Theories beyond the SM, [SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), Green function, models of quantum gravity, Unified quantum theories, Quantization of the gravitational field, cosmology of theories beyond the SM, Gravitational interaction in quantum theory
High Energy Physics - Theory, Topology change, quantum cosmology, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Models of Quantum Gravity Cosmology of Theories beyond the SM, [SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), Green function, models of quantum gravity, Unified quantum theories, Quantization of the gravitational field, cosmology of theories beyond the SM, Gravitational interaction in quantum theory
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