Can a treaty concerning all of life on Earth make a practical difference to scientists? As countries implement the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) work programs, apply its guidelines, and execute national strategies, its influence on science is likely to grow. CBD-compliant national laws and policies already set priorities for research and affect the way in which scientists can access and use genetic resources. Scientists and scientific organizations are urged in this [Policy Forum][1] to weigh in when the Conference of the Parties to the CBD meets in The Hague in April to discuss conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/295/5564/2371