
The basic problems of transduction to low acoustic impedance media are considered. The advantages offered by flexure mode vibration of driving elements are shown. Selection of a driving element consisting of a free disk supported at the nodal circle is made. Fabrication in quartz and ceramic is described. Test results on transducers in the range 5 to 200 kc is given with transducer efficiencies of better than 90% obtained. Transducer mounting in parabolic reflectors and the resultant beam patterns are shown.
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