The conclusion summarizes the book’s main arguments while recapitulating the broad narrative and temporal sweep of its subject matter. It highlights the apparent paradox raised in the introduction of the book: how a minority of a minority, a small group of Moroccan Jewish Communists, reviled as pariahs and liabilities by many, became among the most prominent state-supported symbols of Moroccan liberalism and Muslim–Jewish interfaith harmony or convivencia in the region. It demonstrates the continuity of the Sultan’s Jews into the Sultan’s Communists, shedding light on ongoing political and cultural developments in Morocco under King Muhammad VI.