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Article . 2025
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Robust estimation of a Markov chain transition matrix from multiple sample paths

Authors: Lasse Leskelä; Maximilien Dreveton;

Robust estimation of a Markov chain transition matrix from multiple sample paths

Abstract

Markov chains are fundamental models for stochastic dynamics, with applications in a wide range of areas such as population dynamics, queueing systems, reinforcement learning, and Monte Carlo methods. Estimating the transition matrix and stationary distribution from observed sample paths is a core statistical challenge, particularly when multiple independent trajectories are available. While classical theory typically assumes identical chains with known stationary distributions, real‐world data often arise from heterogeneous chains whose transition kernels and stationary measures might differ from a common target. We analyze empirical estimators for such parallel Markov processes and establish sharp concentration inequalities that generalize Bernstein‐type bounds from standard time averages to ensemble‐time averages. Our results provide nonasymptotic error bounds and consistency guarantees in high‐dimensional regimes, accommodating sparse or weakly mixing chains, model mismatch, nonstationary initializations, and partially corrupted data. These findings offer rigorous foundations for statistical inference in heterogeneous Markov chain settings common in modern computational applications.

Countries
Finland, Switzerland
Keywords

ensemble average, concentration inequality, Markov chain, Probability (math.PR), Statistics Theory, FOS: Mathematics, panel average, stochastic matrix, 62M05, 60J10, 60F10, Statistics Theory (math.ST), Probability

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green
hybrid