Running‐related injuries remain problematic among recreational runners. We evaluated the association between having sustained a recent running‐related injury and speed, and the strike index (a measure of footstrike pattern, SI) and spatiotemporal parameters of running. Forty‐four previously injured and 46 previously uninjured runners underwent treadmill running at 80%, 90%, 100%, 110%, and 120% of their preferred running speed. Participants wore a pressure insole device to measure SI, temporal parameters, and stride length (Slength) and stride frequency (Sfrequency) over 2‐min intervals. Coefficient of variation and detrended fluctuation analysis provided information on stride‐to‐stride variability and correlative patterns. Linear mixed models were used to compare differences between groups and changes with speed. Previously injured runners displayed significantly higher stride‐to‐stride correlations of SI than controls (P = 0.046). As speed increased, SI, contact time (Tcontact), stride time (Tstride), and duty factor (DF) decreased (P < 0.001), whereas flight time (Tflight), Slength, and Sfrequency increased (P < 0.001). Stride‐to‐stride variability decreased significantly for SI, Tcontact, Tflight, and DF (P ≤ 0.005), as did correlative patterns for Tcontact, Tstride, DF, Slength, and Sfrequency (P ≤ 0.044). Previous running‐related injury was associated with less stride‐to‐stride randomness of footstrike pattern. Overall, runners became more pronounced rearfoot strikers as running speed increased.