AbstractSeveral studies identify racial identity—the significance and meaning that individuals attribute to race—as a mitigating factor in the association between racial discrimination and adjustment. In this study, we employed a visual imagery paradigm to examine whether racial identity would moderate autonomic responses to blatant and subtle racial discrimination analogues withBlack andWhite perpetrators. We recruited 105AfricanAmerican young adults from a public, southeastern university in theUnitedStates. The personal significance of race as well as personal feelings aboutAfricanAmericans and feelings about how others viewAfricanAmericans moderated autonomic responses to the vignettes. We use polyvagal theory and a stress, appraisal, and coping framework to interpret our results with an eye toward elucidating the ways in which racial identity may inform individual differences in physiological responses to racial discrimination.