ObjectiveTo assess the effects of marital conflict on parenting practices for mothers and fathers and to examine whether these effects differ for within‐person and cross‐person links in parental dyads.BackgroundExisting findings are mixed regarding the nature and magnitude of the association between marital conflict and childrearing behaviors. Little is known about parental role differences in this regard between fathers and mothers and the mutual influence on the other's responding.MethodA sample of 235 families (fathers, mothers, and their kindergarten children) participated in the study over a 2‐year period. Fathers and mothers independently reported on constructive and destructive marital conflict tactics, as well as on their parenting behaviors in scenarios of children experiencing negative emotions.ResultsResults indicated cross‐person and within‐person relations. For example, fathers' destructive conflict predicted mothers' distress reactions to children's negative emotions, supporting a spillover hypothesis. Mothers' destructive conflict behaviors predicted less unsupportive maternal parenting, supporting a compensatory hypothesis.ConclusionFathers' and mothers' marital conflict behaviors may have different implications for their own and their spouses' parenting.ImplicationsIntervention and prevention programs that target improving marital conflict interactions may also help promote positive parenting. The findings also support that both fathers and mothers should be included in these programs to increase the beneficial effects on parenting practices.