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Evolution
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The appearance of mimetic Heliconius butterflies to predators and conspecifics

ظهور فراشات Heliconius المقلدة للحيوانات المفترسة والأقارب
Authors: Denise Dalbosco Dell'Aglio; Jolyon Troscianko; W. Owen McMillan; Martin Stevens; Chris D. Jiggins;

The appearance of mimetic Heliconius butterflies to predators and conspecifics

Abstract

La coloration adaptative est soumise à des pressions de sélection contradictoires : choix des partenaires potentiels et signalisation d'avertissement contre les prédateurs guidés visuellement. Différents éléments du signal de couleur peuvent donc être accordés par évolution pour différentes fonctions. Nous avons étudié comment le mimétisme dans quatre paires de bandes dessinées d'Heliconius est potentiellement perçu à la fois du point de vue des papillons et des oiseaux. Les sensibilités visuelles de huit prédateurs aviaires candidats ont été prédites par l'analyse génétique de leurs gènes d'opsine. À l'aide de l'analyse des couleurs des images numériques, combinée à des modèles de systèmes visuels d'oiseaux et de papillons, nous avons exploré comment les prédateurs et les conspécifiques peuvent visualiser des motifs mimétiques. Les oiseaux à vision ultraviolette (UV) sont mieux en mesure de faire la distinction entre les couleurs jaune et blanc des bandes dessinées que les oiseaux à vision violette (VS). Pour la vision d'Heliconius, les hommes et les femmes diffèrent dans leur capacité à discriminer les bandes dessinées. La vision féminine et les pigments filtrants rouges ont un effet significatif sur la perception de la bande antérieure jaune et du motif antérieur ventral rouge. Une expérience comportementale a montré que les indices UV sont utilisés dans le comportement d'accouplement ; la suppression de ces indices était associée à une tendance accrue à approcher les comics par rapport aux conspécifiques. Nous avons donc montré que les signaux visuels peuvent agir à la fois pour réduire le coût de la confusion dans la parade nuptiale et pour maintenir les avantages du mimétisme.

La coloración adaptativa está bajo presiones de selección conflictivas: la elección de parejas potenciales y la señalización de advertencia contra depredadores guiados visualmente. Por lo tanto, diferentes elementos de la señal de color pueden ser sintonizados por la evolución para diferentes funciones. Investigamos cómo el mimetismo en cuatro pares de comimics de Heliconius se ve potencialmente tanto desde la perspectiva de las mariposas como de las aves. Las sensibilidades visuales de ocho depredadores aviares candidatos se predijeron mediante el análisis genético de sus genes de opsina. Utilizando el análisis de color de imágenes digitales, combinado con modelos de sistemas visuales de aves y mariposas, exploramos cómo los depredadores y sus congéneres pueden visualizar patrones miméticos. Las aves de visión ultravioleta (UV) son capaces de discriminar entre los colores amarillo y blanco de los comimics mejor que las aves de visión violeta (VS). Para la visión de Heliconius, los hombres y las mujeres difieren en su capacidad para discriminar los comimics. La visión femenina y los pigmentos filtrantes rojos tienen un efecto significativo en la percepción de la banda delantera amarilla y el patrón delantero ventral rojo. Un experimento de comportamiento mostró que las señales UV se utilizan en el comportamiento de apareamiento; la eliminación de dichas señales se asoció con una mayor tendencia a acercarse a los comimics en comparación con los conespecíficos. Por lo tanto, hemos demostrado que las señales visuales pueden actuar tanto para reducir el costo de la confusión en el cortejo como para mantener las ventajas del mimetismo.

Adaptive coloration is under conflicting selection pressures: choosing potential mates and warning signaling against visually guided predators. Different elements of the color signal may therefore be tuned by evolution for different functions. We investigated how mimicry in four pairs of Heliconius comimics is potentially seen both from the perspective of butterflies and birds. Visual sensitivities of eight candidate avian predators were predicted through genetic analysis of their opsin genes. Using digital image color analysis, combined with bird and butterfly visual system models, we explored how predators and conspecifics may visualize mimetic patterns. Ultraviolet vision (UVS) birds are able to discriminate between the yellow and white colors of comimics better than violet vision (VS) birds. For Heliconius vision, males and females differ in their ability to discriminate comimics. Female vision and red filtering pigments have a significant effect on the perception of the yellow forewing band and the red ventral forewing pattern. A behavioral experiment showed that UV cues are used in mating behavior; removal of such cues was associated with an increased tendency to approach comimics as compared to conspecifics. We have therefore shown that visual signals can act to both reduce the cost of confusion in courtship and maintain the advantages of mimicry.

يخضع اللون التكيفي لضغوط اختيار متضاربة: اختيار الشركاء المحتملين وإشارات التحذير ضد الحيوانات المفترسة الموجهة بصريًا. لذلك يمكن ضبط عناصر مختلفة من إشارة اللون عن طريق التطور لوظائف مختلفة. لقد بحثنا في كيفية رؤية المحاكاة في أربعة أزواج من كوميكس هيليكونيوس من منظور الفراشات والطيور. تم التنبؤ بالحساسيات البصرية لثمانية مفترسات طيور مرشحة من خلال التحليل الجيني لجينات أوبسين الخاصة بهم. باستخدام تحليل ألوان الصور الرقمية، جنبًا إلى جنب مع نماذج النظام البصري للطيور والفراشات، استكشفنا كيف يمكن للحيوانات المفترسة والنوعيات تصور أنماط المحاكاة. طيور الرؤية فوق البنفسجية (UVS) قادرة على التمييز بين اللونين الأصفر والأبيض للمحاكاة الهزلية أفضل من طيور الرؤية البنفسجية (VS). بالنسبة لرؤية هيليكونيوس، يختلف الذكور والإناث في قدرتهم على التمييز بين الرسوم الهزلية. للرؤية الأنثوية وأصباغ الترشيح الحمراء تأثير كبير على إدراك الشريط الأمامي الأصفر ونمط الجناح الأمامي البطني الأحمر. أظهرت تجربة سلوكية أن إشارات الأشعة فوق البنفسجية تستخدم في سلوك التزاوج ؛ ارتبطت إزالة مثل هذه الإشارات بزيادة الميل إلى الاقتراب من الرسوم الهزلية مقارنة بالنوعيات. لذلك أظهرنا أن الإشارات المرئية يمكن أن تعمل على تقليل تكلفة الارتباك في المغازلة والحفاظ على مزايا المحاكاة.

Country
United Kingdom
Keywords

Male, Artificial intelligence, 590, mating behaviour, Predation, Batesian mimicry, Evolutionary biology, Agricultural and Biological Sciences, opsin, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Sociology, Wings, Animal, Mimicry, Adaptation (eye), Ecology, Pigmentation, Biological Mimicry, Communication, Life Sciences, FOS: Sociology, Evolutionary Ecology of Animal Behavior and Traits, Female, Impact of Pollinator Decline on Ecosystems and Agriculture, Cues, Butterflies, Color Perception, Predator, 570, Food Chain, mating behavior, Genomic Insights into Social Insects and Symbiosis, avian vision, butterfly vision, Birds, Aposematism, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Genetics, Animals, Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Butterfly, Müllerian mimicry, Color vision, Heliconius, Courtship, Original Articles, UV light, Computer science, Adaptive Evolution, FOS: Biological sciences, Zoology, Neuroscience

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
36
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
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