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Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology
Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY NC ND
Data sources: Crossref
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Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology
Article
License: CC BY NC ND
Data sources: UnpayWall
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Hand use development in children with unilateral cerebral palsy

Authors: Gunvor L Klevberg; Reidun Jahnsen; Sonja Elkjær; Manuela Zucknick;

Hand use development in children with unilateral cerebral palsy

Abstract

AimTo describe the development of hand use during bimanual activities among children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP).MethodA cohort of 166 children (79 females, 87 males; age range 18mo–13y, mean [SD] age at first assessment 37.6mo [20.5mo]) with unilateral CP, registered in the Norwegian CP Follow‐up Program with two or more Assisting Hand Assessments (AHAs), were included in this longitudinal study comprising 524 AHAs. Developmental limits and rates were estimated by non‐linear mixed effects models and compared between a stable limit model (SLM) and a peak and decline model. Development was described according to Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) levels and AHA performance at 18 months of age (AHA‐18).ResultsChildren in MACS level I, or in the high AHA‐18 group, reached highest limits and had the most rapid development (p<0.001). The developmental trajectories were different between MACS levels I, II, and III and between the high, moderate, and low AHA‐18 groups. Seventy‐five per cent of the children reached 90% of their estimated limit at 5 years 10 months or earlier. The SLM showed the best model fit (Akaike information criterion: 4008.99).InterpretationMost children approached a steady performance limit before 6 years of age. Although children in MACS levels I and II reached 90% of the expected limit at 3 and 4 years respectively, the corresponding age was 8 years for children in MACS level III. The better model fit for the SLM indicates that children with unilateral CP maintain their attained limit of hand use to at least the age of 13 years. What this paper adds Development of hand use between 18 months and 13 years follows a stable‐limit pattern. Most children reach a steady limit on the Assisting Hand Assessment before 6 years of age. Manual Ability Classification System levels I, II, and III represent distinct developmental trajectories, level III having a slower rise. Early hand use is an important indicator of future development.

Country
Norway
Related Organizations
Keywords

Male, Adolescent, Cerebral Palsy, 610, Infant, Hand, Severity of Illness Index, 618, Disability Evaluation, Motor Skills, Child, Preschool, Humans, Female, Prospective Studies, Child

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
8
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
Green
hybrid