SummaryThe Chinese horse‐chestnut, Aesculus chinensis, is illustrated from a tree cultivated at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. This tree was grown from seeds originally imported from China by Dr Purdom, from whom Kew obtained a plant. A detailed description accompanies this excellent illustration. The taxonomy, ecology, cytology and etymology are also discussed. The introduction of this species into western horticulture and methods of propagation and cultivation are given.