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Cognitive Science
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
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Article . 2025
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Children Show More Selective Cognitive Offloading After First Being Compelled to Offload Indiscriminately

Authors: Kristy L. Armitage; Alicia K. Jones; Jonathan Redshaw;

Children Show More Selective Cognitive Offloading After First Being Compelled to Offload Indiscriminately

Abstract

AbstractWith the rise of wearable technologies, mobile devices and artificial intelligence comes a growing pressure to understand downstream effects of cognitive offloading on children's future thinking and behavior. Here, we explored whether compelling children to use an indiscriminate cognitive offloading strategy affects their subsequent strategy selection. Six‐ to 9‐year‐olds (N = 128) completed a task where manual rotation of stimuli sometimes offloaded mental rotation demand and other times did not. In phase 1, some children were compelled to use manual rotation indiscriminately, whereas others could only use mental rotation. In phase 2, where children could freely choose their strategy, older children who were compelled to use manual rotation in phase 1 were significantly more selective in their strategy use, rotating the stimuli relatively more frequently when this behavior would offload cognitive demand than when it would not. These results provide preliminary evidence that pre‐exposure to indiscriminate cognitive offloading can promote selectivity in children's subsequent strategy use, though this selectivity may reflect a desire to avoid cognitive effort rather than improve task performance.

Keywords

2805 Cognitive Neuroscience, Problem solving, 3205 Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Brief Report, 1702 Artificial Intelligence, Strategy selection, Mental rotation, Strategy perseveration, Cognitive offloading, Cognitive development, Metacognition, External normalization

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
Average
Average
Average
Green
hybrid