Transdermal patches: history, development and pharmacology
Copyright policy )Transdermal patches: history, development and pharmacology
Transdermal patches are now widely used as cosmetic, topical and transdermal delivery systems. These patches represent a key outcome from the growth in skin science, technology and expertise developed through trial and error, clinical observation and evidence‐based studies that date back to the first existing human records. This review begins with the earliest topical therapies and traces topical delivery to the present‐day transdermal patches, describing along the way the initial trials, devices and drug delivery systems that underpin current transdermal patches and their actives. This is followed by consideration of the evolution in the various patch designs and their limitations as well as requirements for actives to be used for transdermal delivery. The properties of and issues associated with the use of currently marketed products, such as variability, safety and regulatory aspects, are then described. The review concludes by examining future prospects for transdermal patches and drug delivery systems, such as the combination of active delivery systems with patches, minimally invasive microneedle patches and cutaneous solutions, including metered‐dose systems.
- University of Queensland Australia
- University of Geneva Switzerland
- University of Lausanne Switzerland
- University of Adelaide Australia
- American Diabetes Association United States
Pharmacology, metered-dose systems, Drug Carriers, transdermal patches, Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Transdermal Patch, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, Administration, Cutaneous, History, 18th Century, History, 21st Century, drug delivery systems, 3004 Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Animals, Humans, Technology, Pharmaceutical, History, Ancient, topical therapies, History, 15th Century
Pharmacology, metered-dose systems, Drug Carriers, transdermal patches, Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Transdermal Patch, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, Administration, Cutaneous, History, 18th Century, History, 21st Century, drug delivery systems, 3004 Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Animals, Humans, Technology, Pharmaceutical, History, Ancient, topical therapies, History, 15th Century
selected citations These citations are derived from selected sources.This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).447 popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.Top 0.1% influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).Top 1% impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.Top 1%
Citations provided by BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!