Pipelined analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are sensitive to distortion introduced by the residue amplifiers in their first few stages. Unfortunately, residue amplifier distortion tends to be inversely related to power consumption in practice, so the residue amplifiers usually are the dominant consumers of power in high-resolution pipelined ADCs. This paper presents a background calibration technique that digitally measures and cancels ADC error arising from distortion introduced by the residue amplifiers. It allows the use of higher distortion and, therefore, lower power residue amplifiers in high-accuracy pipelined ADCs, thereby significantly reducing overall power consumption relative to conventional pipelined ADCs