Modular Self-Reconfigurable robot (MSR) is a system composed of a group, connected together identical modules, resulting structure can carry out specific, even complicated tasks. Such design allows for easy reconfiguration of the robot and its structure in order to continuously adapt it to the current needs or tasks, without the use of additional tools. Currently, the use of MSRs is very limited due to the early stage of technology development. In the future this type of robots will probably be widely used in industry and leisure activities. This paper describes the challenges and opportunities facing the modular robots, an explanation of key terms and the latest designs of artificial cell.