The articles in this special section examine the use of artificial intelligence in the farming and agricultural industries. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the world population will reach over 9 billion by 2050. Rapid population growth, shrinking farmland, dwindling natural resources, erratic climate changes, and shifting market demands are pushing the agricultural production system into a new paradigm. The new agricultural system must become more productive in output, efficient in operation, resilient to climate change, and sustainable for future generations. Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds promise in addressing the challenges of this new paradigm.