
Guglielmo Marconi was born on April 25, 1874, in Bologna, Italy. He contributed significantly to the development of wireless communications technology, demonstrated for the first time a successful setup for radio telegraphy (in 1895), and was a pioneer in the application of electromagnetic waves. Radio communications is one of the most fascinating and perhaps spectacular successes of mankind in advancing science and technology. Few technological developments have had such great and far-reaching consequences as wireless communication. Founded upon the great scientific discoveries of the nineteenth century, it created a spectrum of technologies, each requiring scientific insight of its own, and fostered innovations in many related disciplines. Wireless communication involves technologies with huge potential for aiding world progress, improving the quality of life for every human being on this earth and leading to a better future for mankind. Many persons have contributed to the development of radio communications [1], [2]. The theoretical foundation of electromagnetic waves was laid out brilliantly in 1864 by J. C. Maxwell, the British physicist who introduced the basic equations to relate the electric and magnetic fields and developed the foundation for electromagnetic waves. Maxwell’s ideas, however, had to be confirmed. In 1887, H. Hertz, a physics professor in Karlsruhe, Germany, carried out laboratory experiments and demonstrated the existence of the electromagnetic waves as predicted by Maxwell. Telegraphy, i.e., the transmission of Morse codes representing different characters via wire line, had already been in operation, and the idea of deploying wireless radio for distant sources was clearly present. Furthermore, the importance of using the propagation of electromagnetic waves for radio communication was known and its development had been predicted. For example, W. Crooke in 1892 had written about radio telegraphy at a wavelength of a yard or more [3].
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