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Conversion of Ungrounded Systems to High-Resistance Grounding Systems

Authors: P.E. Sutherland; A. Mansoor;

Conversion of Ungrounded Systems to High-Resistance Grounding Systems

Abstract

An innovative method is proposed where charging current can be measured and grounding resistors sized without staging a fault. Overvoltages have caused damage to equipment and voltage transformer fuse blowing an ungrounded 4.8 kV delta distribution system. Three causes are suspected: single-line-to-ground faults, multiple restrikes and ferroresonance. The first is the most likely. The existence of ferroresonance can be determined by taking recordings of transient waveforms. The solution evaluated here is conversion to a high-resistance grounded system using banks of distribution transformers with broken-delta secondaries. Evaluation of system parameters shows that the grounding resistance should be in the range of 0.5 to 1.0 times the per phase capacitive reactance. This method will require that all equipment in the 4.8 kV distribution systems be rated for full line-to-line voltage. Ground fault current will be limited to less than 10 A. Simulation of multiple restrikes shows that overvoltages will be limited to 2.5 per unit. Properly sized high-resistance grounding can eliminate ferroresonance.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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