Due to asymmetrical structure and motion working state of rail turnout, it is difficult to monitor turnout defect by conventional techniques. In this paper, a wireless vibration monitoring system was proposed for monitoring rail base defect, which could realize two kinds of active and passive working patterns. Multi-energy of solar and vibration could achieve charging for sensor node. Energy management technology was applied for energy conservation. The experimental results showed the proposed wireless Structure Health Monitoring(SHM) system can detect existence of defect and longer defect has larger amplitude.