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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IEEE Spectrumarrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
IEEE Spectrum
Article . 1998 . Peer-reviewed
License: IEEE Copyright
Data sources: Crossref
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Get the lead out! [lead free solder]

Authors: B. Trumble;

Get the lead out! [lead free solder]

Abstract

Concern over lead's toxicity launched a quest for alternatives to the tin-lead solder common in printed-circuit board manufacture. The options for no-lead solders rely on tin as the base metal with smaller amounts of other metals, such as antimony, bismuth, copper, indium, silver, or zinc, added to enhance performance. Tin, which is considered to be one of the least toxic metals, will most probably endure as the base metal since it is relatively inexpensive, sufficiently available, and possesses desirable physical properties. In considering alternatives, the cost and availability of metals also come into play. Indeed, the limited availability and high costs of indium, bismuth, and silver-based alloy systems will likely prevent their widespread use. In 1997, a tin-copper alloy was used to assemble a desktop telephone, the first such product made with lead-free solder.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
63
Top 10%
Top 1%
Average
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