
doi: 10.1109/45.1898
The optimization of electric power generation and transmission in real time, known as automatic generation control (AGC), is normally implemented through the application of a sophisticated real-time computer system known as an energy management system (EMS). A decision by Pacific Gas and Electric Co. to install an EMS is used to illustrate the factors that necessitate such an approach. The operation of modern EMSs is examined. >
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