PurposeThis study seeks to examine the identity‐relevant stress proposition according to which events occurring in highly‐salient identity domains have a greater impact on psychological well‐being than events occurring in less salient identity domains. The aim of the study is to integrate identity theory into occupational stress research by investigating the proposition that the lack of verification of a salient role identity will be associated with higher levels of emotional exhaustion.Design/methodology/approachUsing a questionnaire methodology, data were obtained from full‐time, permanent, human resource professionals from multiple organizations.FindingsAs predicted, the lack of verification that occurs when an employer denies a professional the opportunity to engage in the responsibilities associated with a salient role was associated with more emotional exhaustion. Moreover, in a way consistent with identity theory, both role prestige and affective commitment to the profession moderated this relationship, providing additional support for the identity‐relevant stress proposition.Originality/valueIdentity theory offers a valuable perspective for work stress research, one that appears to be especially applicable to highly professionalized occupations.