We have studied spin-polarized deuterium, Darrow-down, in the temperature range 0.3 to 0.7 K in a field of 40 kG using electron-spin resonance at 114 GHz. The intrinsic rates for recombination of two D atoms to form D/sub 2/ on the surface of l-/sup 4/He have been measured for both the ortho and para channels. The two rates are approximately equal and when extrapolated to zero field are 1600 times greater than the rates for H/sub 2/ formation. Doubly spin-polarized deuterium, Darrow-downX, has been observed for the first time, with nuclear-spin purities >0.98 and sample lifetimes as long as 1 h.