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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://doi.org/10.1...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
https://doi.org/10.1103/physre...
Article . 1953 . Peer-reviewed
License: APS Licenses for Journal Article Re-use
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Production of Negative Ions and Noise in Negative Ion Beams

Authors: Wade L. Fite;

Production of Negative Ions and Noise in Negative Ion Beams

Abstract

In a search for high current sources of low energy (\ensuremath{\approx}100 ev) negative atomic ions of hydrogen and oxygen, five types of sources were examined. The most promising practical source for both ${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${\mathrm{O}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ was found to be the dc glow discharge from which beams of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ ampere of either ion could be drawn. Hot cathode arc discharges yielded ${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ currents of 7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$ ampere. Rf discharges, hollow cathode discharges, and sources involving the Arnot effect seem inferior as high current sources.Two results were found which are of interest both for the mechanism of the discharge and for the production of negative ions. First, the most copious source of negative ions seems to be the anode side of well-formed striations such as are present in the two superior sources. Second, when either of these sources is used, the beam noise in the low audiofrequency range is much greater than shot noise and is related to fluctuations in the striations.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
24
Average
Top 10%
Average
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