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Application of the Wittrick—Williams algorithm to the Sturm—Liouville problem on homogeneous trees: a structural mechanics analogy

Application of the Wittrick-Williams algorithm to the Sturm-Liouville problem on homogeneous trees: A structural mechanics analogy
Authors: Williams, F. W.; Howson, W. P.; Watson, A.;

Application of the Wittrick—Williams algorithm to the Sturm—Liouville problem on homogeneous trees: a structural mechanics analogy

Abstract

Summary: The Wittrick-Williams (WW) algorithm was developed over 30 years ago and has been applied with increasing sophistication to problems in structural mechanics ever since. Much wider applications, to any field requiring eigenvalues of selfadjoint systems of differential equations, are possible based on a theorem due to Balakrishnan that underpins the algorithm. These can be calculated to machine accuracy and none are missed. Here, the value of the algorithm in mathematics is illustrated by studying in depth Sturm-Liouville equations on large homogeneous trees. These typically involve \(10^{13}\) equations and eigenvalues, which often coincide to form high multiplicity ones. Computation is quick (e.g., \(\ll 1\) s) and numerically stable because the multi-level subsysteming corollary of the theorem underpinning the WW algorithm is used. Our numerical results confirm the recent theoretical bounds of \textit{A. V. Sobolev} and \textit{M. Solomyak} [Rev. Math. Phys. 14, 421--467 (2002; Zbl 1038.81023)] on the bands into which the spectrum is divided by gaps split by one very high multiplicity eigenvalue. Additionally, an analogy based on structural mechanics and confirmed by numerical results gives exact equations for the high multiplicities of the gap eigenvalue and of those in the band. These cover any \(b\) and \(n\), the branching number and number of levels of the tree. When these equations are divided by the number of eigenvalues in one band-gap interval, dimensionless results are obtained which become exact for \(n\to\infty\). Finally, the fragmentation of multiple eigenvalues caused by introducing a potential is studied numerically and interpreted using the structural mechanics analogy.

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Keywords

Boundary value problems on graphs and networks for ordinary differential equations, eigensolution, band-gap spectrum, eigenvalue counting, Eigenvalues, estimation of eigenvalues, upper and lower bounds of ordinary differential operators, homogeneous trees, Asymptotic distribution of eigenvalues, asymptotic theory of eigenfunctions for ordinary differential operators, Sturm-Liouville, Numerical approximation of eigenvalues and of other parts of the spectrum of ordinary differential operators, Numerical solution of eigenvalue problems involving ordinary differential equations, Wittrick-Williams algorithm

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
7
Average
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