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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao zbMATH Openarrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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Article
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The Quarterly Journal of Mathematics
Article . 1950 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: Crossref
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NOTE ON SUSPENSION

Note on suspension
Authors: Whitehead, J. H. C.;

NOTE ON SUSPENSION

Abstract

L'A. donne une généralisation des théorèmes classiques de Freudenthal sur l'Ein\-hängungshomomorphismus. Soit \(X\) un complexe, \(Y\) le complexe obtenu par adjonction à \(X\) de \(k\) \(n\)-cellules \(E_\lambda^n\) dont les bords sont appliqués dans \(X\) par des applications \(\Psi: \dot E_\lambda^n \to X\). On peut alors former un polyèdre \(A\) constitué par \(k\) \(n\)-cellules \(E_\lambda^n\) dont les bords \(\dot E_\lambda^n\) sont reliés par des segments \(p_\lambda p_0\) à un point fixe \(p_0\); soit \(B\) la réunion \(\dot E_\lambda^n\cup p_\lambda p_0\). Il existe une application canonique (homéomorphisme sur l'intérieur des \(E_\lambda^n)\) \(g\) de \((A, B)\) dans \((Y, X)\); soit \(g_r\) l'homomorphisme induit par \(g: \Pi_r(A, B) \to \Pi_r(Y, X)\). Alors, si \(\Pi_s(X) = 0\) pour \(s = 1, 2, \ldots, j\), \(j < n-1\), pour \(r < n + j - 2\), \(g_r\) est un isomorphisme sur \(\cdot\) et \(g_{n+j-1}\) est un homomorphisme sur \(\cdot\). Ce thórème permet parfois le calcul de \(\Pi_m(Y)\) à partir de \(\Pi_m(X)\). Un cas est particulièrernent intéressant: supposons, avec \(k = 1\), que \(\Psi: \dot E_\lambda^n\to X\) soit inessentielle. Alors il existe des homomorphismes \(f: \Pi_m(S^n) \to \Pi_m(Y)\) et \(i: \Pi_m(X)\to \Pi_m(Y)\). \(f\) et \(i\) sont des isomorphismes sur \(\cdot\); \(i \Pi_m(X) \cup f \Pi_m(S^n) = 0\) et on a l'isomorphisme \(\Pi_m(X)= i \Pi_m(X) + f \Pi_m(S^n)\) pourvu que \(\Pi_s(X) = 0\) pour \(s = 1,2, \ldots, m-n+1\). L'A. montre enfin, en ce cas, le rapport liant l'homomorphisme \(g\) et la ``suspension'' \(\mathfrak E\) de Freudenthal. Si \(E^n, E_0^n\) sont les hémispheres ``Nord'' et ``Sud'' d'une sphère \(S^n\) d'équateur \(\dot E^n = S^{n-1}\), on peut écrire: \[ \Pi_{r-1}(S^{n-1}) \xrightarrow{\delta} \Pi_r(E^n, S^{n-1}) \xrightarrow {i}\Pi_r(S^n, E_0^n) \xrightarrow {j} \Pi_r(S^n) \] où \(\delta\) et \(j\), à cause de la contractabilité de \(E^n\) et \(E_0^n\) sont des isomorphismes; on a alors \(\mathfrak E: \Pi_{r-1}(S^{n-1})\to \Pi_r(S'') = j^{-1}\delta^{-1}\); à l'aide de cette définition et dans l'hypothese \(\Psi: \dot E_\lambda^n \cong 0\), même sans faire d'hypothèses explicites sur \(\Pi_s(X)\), \(g\) se ramène à \(\mathfrak E\).

Keywords

suspension, Algebraic topology

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
6
Average
Top 10%
Average
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