
Summary: We consider the problem of defining a logic that captures exactly the polynomial time computable properties of finite structures, by extending first-order logic (FO) and fixed-point logic (FP) by means of Lindström quantifiers. In particular, we define infinite uniform sequences of quantifiers and show that these correspond to a natural notion of logical reducibility. We show that if there is any logic that captures the complexity class PTIME, in the sense of a recursive enumeration of PTIME properties, then there is one that is an extension of FO by a uniform sequence of quantifiers. This is established through a general result linking the existence of complete problems for a complexity class to the existence of recursive index sets for the class, for a wide variety of complexity classes.
logical reducibility, Complexity of computation (including implicit computational complexity), finite model theory, Logic with extra quantifiers and operators, recursive index sets, Lindström quantifiers, Complexity classes (hierarchies, relations among complexity classes, etc.), Model theory of finite structures, polynomial time computability, complexity classes
logical reducibility, Complexity of computation (including implicit computational complexity), finite model theory, Logic with extra quantifiers and operators, recursive index sets, Lindström quantifiers, Complexity classes (hierarchies, relations among complexity classes, etc.), Model theory of finite structures, polynomial time computability, complexity classes
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