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Identifying suitable habitat forIxodes scapularis(Acari: Ixodidae) infected withAnaplasma phagocytophilum(Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae),Babesia microti(Piroplasmida: Babesiidae), andBorrelia miyamotoi(Spirochaetales: Spirochaetaceae) to guide surveillance efforts in the eastern United States

Authors: James C Burtis; Erik Foster; Christina M Parise; Rebecca J Eisen;

Identifying suitable habitat forIxodes scapularis(Acari: Ixodidae) infected withAnaplasma phagocytophilum(Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae),Babesia microti(Piroplasmida: Babesiidae), andBorrelia miyamotoi(Spirochaetales: Spirochaetaceae) to guide surveillance efforts in the eastern United States

Abstract

AbstractUnderstanding the distribution of infected ticks is informative for the estimation of risk for tickborne diseases. The blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae), is the primary vector for 7 medically significant pathogens in United States. However, knowledge of the ranges of these pathogens in host-seeking ticks is incomplete, particularly for those occurring at low prevalence. To aid in prioritizing costly field sampling efforts, we estimated ranges of suitable habitat for Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia microti, and Borrelia miyamotoi in the eastern United States based on existing county-level surveillance records. The resulting suitability maps were compared against those developed previously for Bo. burgdorferi s.s., which shares similar ecology but has been detected in a greater number of counties. The overall accuracy of the habitat suitability models was high (AUC ≥ 0.92) for all 4 pathogens. The most important predictors were related to temperature and moisture. The upper midwestern and northeastern states were predicted to be highly suitable for all 4 pathogens. Based on our models, we prioritized sampling in 431, 275, and 539 counties currently lacking pathogen records that our models classified as suitable for A. phagocytophilum, Ba. microti, and Bo. miyamotoi, respectively. As a second-tier priority, we identified 311 (A. phagocytophilum), 590 (Ba. microti), and 252 (Bo. miyamotoi) counties, based on high suitability scores for Bo. burgdorferi. Our models can be used to improve cost-effectiveness of field sampling efforts aimed at improving accuracy and completeness of pathogen distribution maps.

Keywords

Ixodes, Ixodidae, Borrelia, Rickettsiales, Babesia microti, Spirochaetaceae, United States, Piroplasmida, Anaplasmataceae, Borrelia burgdorferi, Animals, Ecosystem, Anaplasma phagocytophilum

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Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
4
Top 10%
Average
Average
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