
Abstract Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is one of the most common food-borne pathogens worldwide, with poultry products being the major vehicle for pathogenesis in humans. The use of bacteriophage (phage) cocktails has recently emerged as a novel approach to enhancing food safety. Here, a multireceptor Salmonella phage cocktail of five phages was developed and characterized. The cocktail targets four receptors: O-antigen, BtuB, OmpC, and rough Salmonella strains. Structural analysis indicated that all five phages belong to unique families or subfamilies. Genome analysis of four of the phages showed they were devoid of known virulence or antimicrobial resistance factors, indicating enhanced safety. The phage cocktail broad antimicrobial spectrum against Salmonella, significantly inhibiting the growth of all 66 strains from 20 serovars tested in vitro. The average bacteriophage insensitive mutant (BIM) frequency against the cocktail was 6.22 × 10−6 in S. Enteritidis, significantly lower than that of each of the individual phages. The phage cocktail reduced the load of Salmonella in inoculated chicken skin by 3.5 log10 CFU/cm2 after 48 h at 25°C and 15°C, and 2.5 log10 CFU/cm2 at 4°C. A genome-wide transduction assay was used to investigate the transduction efficiency of the selected phage in the cocktail. Only one of the four phages tested could transduce the kanamycin resistance cassette at a low frequency comparable to that of phage P22. Overall, the results support the potential of cocktails of phage that each target different host receptors to achieve complementary infection and reduce the emergence of phage resistance during biocontrol applications.
bacteriophage receptors, Veterinary and Food Sciences, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment (hrcs-rac), Microbiology, 30 Agricultural, Antimicrobial Resistance (rcdc), Emerging Infectious Diseases (rcdc), Food Sciences, Veterinary and Food Sciences (for-2020), Biodefense, bacteriophage biocontrol, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, 3207 Medical Microbiology (for-2020), Biodefense (rcdc), 32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020), 3006 Food Sciences (for-2020), Agricultural, 31 Biological Sciences (for-2020), Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, 3107 Microbiology (for-2020), bacteriophage cocktails, 600, Biological Sciences, Foodborne Illness, Infection (hrcs-hc), Infectious Diseases, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases (rcdc), phage resistance, Foodborne Illness (rcdc), Salmonella phages, Antimicrobial Resistance, Digestive Diseases, Infection, phage food safety, Digestive Diseases (rcdc), Research Article
bacteriophage receptors, Veterinary and Food Sciences, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment (hrcs-rac), Microbiology, 30 Agricultural, Antimicrobial Resistance (rcdc), Emerging Infectious Diseases (rcdc), Food Sciences, Veterinary and Food Sciences (for-2020), Biodefense, bacteriophage biocontrol, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, 3207 Medical Microbiology (for-2020), Biodefense (rcdc), 32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020), 3006 Food Sciences (for-2020), Agricultural, 31 Biological Sciences (for-2020), Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, 3107 Microbiology (for-2020), bacteriophage cocktails, 600, Biological Sciences, Foodborne Illness, Infection (hrcs-hc), Infectious Diseases, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases (rcdc), phage resistance, Foodborne Illness (rcdc), Salmonella phages, Antimicrobial Resistance, Digestive Diseases, Infection, phage food safety, Digestive Diseases (rcdc), Research Article
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| popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network. | Top 10% | |
| influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | Average | |
| impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Top 10% |
