The bluish coloration of the integument in teleosts is usually generated by light-reflecting chromatophores, called iridophores, that contain very thin light-reflecting platelets in the cytoplasm. We previously reported, however, that novel light-absorbing chromatophores named “cyanophores” display a bluish hue in the integument of the mandarin fish Synchiropus splendidus and the psychedelic fish S. picturatus. In the present report, we found novel light-absorbing dichromatic chromatophores in limited regions of the integument of the mandarin fish. Light microscopy under transmission optics revealed that the novel dichromatic chromatophores in the dermis around the margins of the bluish regions display both bluish and reddish hues. In the cytoplasm, both erythrosomes and cyanosomes were observed under transmission electron microscopy. The morphological features of the cyanosomes contained in the novel dichromatic chromatophores did not differ from those in the cyanophores in blue regions. Pharmacological treatment with norepinephrine induced aggregation of both the erythrosomes and cyanosomes of the novel dichromatic chromatophores, suggesting that the dichromatic chromatophores possess motile activity, the same as other lightabsorbing chromatophores, which contributes to the role of their color changes observed in response to various environmental signals. The variety of colors, patterns, and spectacular color changes the animals can exhibit is a subject of much interest. The generation of color and color changes is important to many species because it provides protection and assists in survival in their habitats. The delicate changes in hues and patterns can also be used to communicate with conspecifics.