Recognition of Torricellia DC, Melanophylla Baker, and Aralidium Miq. as members of the same angiosperm family, Torricelliaceae, has come relatively recently, bolstered by analyses of molecular sequence data. Fruits of all three genera, endemic to eastern Asia, Madagascar, and Malesia, respectively, were compared morphologically and anatomically as a basis for evaluating systematic relationships among extant and fossil representatives. Application of X-ray tomography to fossil and extant fruits has augmented traditional approaches of physical sectioning and LM to facilitate more thorough systematic comparisons. The fruits vary from subglobose (Torricellia) to boat shaped (Melanophylla) to elongate-ellipsoidal (Aralidium) but are consistent in being tricarpellate and trilocular but with only one fertile locule. In Torricellia and Melanophylla the sterile lateral locules become larger than the central seed-bearing locule, but in Aralidium the pair of sterile locules becomes enveloped within the greatly enlarged fertile locule. In all three genera, the sterile lateral carpels each contain a prominent circular to elliptical aperture in the endocarp wall. A germination valve is located near the apex of the fertile locule in Torricellia and runs the length of the fertile locule in Melanophylla and Aralidium fruits. This work shows that the fruits of these three genera are distinctive in their morphology and anatomy, allowing for identification of fossils to the generic level, and supports the previous recognition of Torricellia from the middle Eocene of North America and from the middle Eocene to middle Miocene of Europe.