Not infrequently teachers and parents assume that the presence of any large number of children housed in an orphanage is detrimental to the school in which these children are enrolled. They think that the orphanage children are more likely to be dullards, to be badly retarded, or to be deficient in social background than are the pupils coming from normal homes. The administrator compelled to deal with such a situation may have difficulty in satisfying his patrons. In one of the elementary schools of Syracuse, New York, were enrolled a large number of children from the Onondaga County Orphanage, and the parents and the teachers believed that the school could accomplish better results without the orphanage pupils. That feeling gave rise to the study the results of which are given in this article.