Early in the present school year the teachers were asked for lists of the pupils who were failing in their courses. The reports showed a total of ten failing pupils in the ninth grade. In an attempt to determine why these pupils were failing, they were given the Terman Group Test of Mental Ability. This test was followed by the Thorndike-McCall Reading Scale, the WoodyMcCall Mixed Fundamentals, and the Morrison-McCall Spelling Scale. In the case of each pupil the results of these tests were reduced to common denominations by converting them into sigma indices, which were then recorded on a Sigma Index Record Card. The card thus showed what the pupil had done in each subject in terms of what he was capable of doing. The record of one pupil was as follows: intelligence, 84; reading, 83; spelling, 89; mixed fundamentals, 85; and arithmetic reasoning, 84. It is evident that while this pupil was doing unsatisfactory work as compared with the average pupil, he was doing as well as could be expected of a pupil of his capacity. This is shown by the fact that the results of his accomplishment tests were parallel with the results of his intelligence test. This record is typical of the records of the other nine pupils. Thus it is seen that when these pupils were compared with the average pupil of the class they were failures, just as the teachers reported them. On the other hand, when each pupil's accomplishments were compared with his capacity, it is seen that he had done satisfactory work.