Three aspects of social participation were related to prejudice: amount of contact (measured by club membership; presence of club friends; and frequency of contact with relatives, friends, neighbors, and work associates), range of contacts (the number of different groups in which the respondent participates), and barriers in communication (measured by presence of topics which are forbidden in conversation with relatives, friends, neighbors, and work associates). The relationships were investigated in a white male sample controlling for status, age, religion, and ethnicity. High participation in primary structures had no effect upon prejudice, while participation in secondary structures was associated with a decrease in prejudice. Decrease in prejudice was greatest where primary relationships developed in a secondary structure, for example, where friends were made in voluntary associations. A wide range of contacts was negatively related to prejudice. The presence of communication barriers between neighbor...