
doi: 10.1086/163787
Deep multicolor surface photometry has been obtained for three extreme examples of smooth-armed spirals, galaxies with a global spiral pattern but with little or no interstellar gas, dust, or recent star formation: NGC 7743, NGC 495 and NGC 718. The results suggest that smooth-armed spirals may be transient bar-driven density waves (with a lifetime of about 1 Gyr) in galaxies which spend most of their lifetimes as much smoother SB0 or SBa galaxies, unless an efficient mechanism for transferring angular momentum from the bar is present. 21 references.
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