Since the discovery of the first X-ray sources in 1962 by the use of modest instruments flown on sounding rockets Giacconi et al. (1962), observations of cosmic X-rays have continued to provide a steady flow of information that has affected our view of virtually all astronomical phenomena. Correspondingly, an increasing share of the resources devoted to space sciences of many nations has been allocated to this new observing window. Within the past year the first satellite devoted to X-ray astronomy, "UHURU," was launched by NASA followed by a second satellite launched by the Naval Research Laboratories. Within the next several years a number of small satellites devoted largely to X-ray astronomy SAS-C by NASA, UK-IV by Great Britain, and the ANS by the Netherlands will be flown, as well as individual experiments on such satellites as OSO. In 1975, NASA is planning to begin its High Energy Astronomy Observatory (HEAO) series based on the use of the Titan-3C launch