Nitrogen (N) accumulation and its partition in a canola (Brassica napus L. ssp. oleifera var. annua) crop growing under different N availabilities were evaluated. Spring canola (cultivar Printol) plants were grown with 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, or 150 kg N ha− 1 applied at sowing. They were harvested at D1 (flower buds covered by leaves), G1 (first flowers fall), and G5 (maturity) phenological stages and separated into stems, leaves, inflorescences, reproductive structures, and seeds according to its development stage. Dry matter and N concentration of each fraction were evaluated. At maturity, seed yield, harvest index and N use efficiencies were evaluated. Nitrogen concentration in the whole plant and its different organs increased with the increase of N applied in the three stages analyzed. The greatest N accumulation (14.44 g m− 2 for 150 kg N ha− 1) was registered at G1 and then it decreased 11% toward maturity. Nitrogen accumulated in seed increased from 2.83 g m− 2 to 7.66 g m− 2 (170% over the control) ...