Learning consists of having sensations, followed by perceptions, and then concepts. To illustrate this we may take the example of a child learning the concept "fruit." The first time that the child sees an apple it experiences a patch of red. This round patch is without meaning to the child. This is a sensation. Teachers point out to the child that the "round red patch" can be eaten and is called "an apple." Now the child has a perception for the sensation has taken on meaning. From time to time the child comes in contact with an orange, a pear, and bananas. He notes that all of these are called fruit. The child notes some common properties of these various substances and from his experiences abstracts qualities that are the determiners of the classification "fruit." Concept formation consists of two processes: abstracting and generalizing. So far we have considered only the abstraction process. Generalization is the process of noting what substances possess the qualities of fruit and grouping them together. In a sense generalization is a reduction process since it saves the child the trouble of attempting to remember all experiences.