Phytoplasmas are insect-vectored pathogens that cause characteristic and destructive diseases in carrots and other vegetables. A phytoplasma disease was first observed in Israeli carrot fields in 1995. Analysis of infected carrots showed the presence of aster yellows and western-X phytoplasmas. In this study, commercial and experimental fields in the western Negev region of Israel were monitored for three years using yellow sticky traps and vacuum sampling. Potential vectors of leafhoppers and planthoppers were analysed by PCR for the presence of phytoplasma DNA. Infected plants were also assayed for phytoplasma DNA. Extracted phytoplasma DNA was subjected to RFLP analysis to determine groups to which the phytoplasmas belonged. It was determined that carrots and leafhoppers from the experimental station were infected with a phytoplasma belonging to the Elm Yellows (EY) group; this is the first report of EY infecting carrots. Based on our findings, the two most probable insect vectors are Circulifer haematoceps complex (Mulsant & Rey) and Neoaliturus fenestratus (Herrich-Schaffer).