Abstract This chapter discusses the following aspects of mango postharvest physiology: ripening physiology; climacteric behaviour; ethylene production and responses; changes in composition during fruit maturation and ripening (organic acids, soluble sugars, structural polysaccharides, pigments and colour, phenolic compounds, and flavour compounds); transpiration and water loss; physical damage and physiological disorders (chilling injury and heat injury); modified atmospheres and controlled atmospheres (injuries associated with modified atmospheres and controlled atmospheres, modified atmosphere packaging, semipermeable coatings, and insecticidal controlled atmospheres); and manipulation of postharvest physiology by molecular biology.