Abstract This chapter focuses on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) as a non-invasive method for investigating both brain structure and function. Structural and functional imaging are discussed separately due to their differing requirements and the distinct questions they can address. We begin by introducing the MRI method and relevant concepts. Following this, we provide a brief overview of current MRI studies, with a special emphasis on CTIS. Next, we explore conceptual and practical considerations, including methodological, ethical, and technical aspects, to guide those new to the field. Lastly, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of MRI. Our overall aim is to emphasize the need for standards that facilitate careful experimental design and meaningful data.