In the South Pacific islands it is unrealistic to approach biodiversity conservation without, at the same time, addressing the social and economic needs of those who have a customary association with the area concerned. Cox and Elmqvist (1993) have recognized this and pursued an innovative course of action for rainforest protection. Their disappointment at the loss of an opportunity for external assistance to Tafua villagers for rainforest conservation is understandable. It is important that the reasons for this missed opportunity be known and understood.