Highway passenger stations are fundamental transportation infrastructure, contributing significant amount of energy consumption in the transportation sector. Based on the climatic divisions in China, investigation on energy consumption of highway passenger stations were conducted and the calculation method for energy consumption indicators was defined. According to the data collected from different climatic divisions, the threshold of unit energy consumption indicator was specified. The factors influencing the energy consumption were analyzed to select the indicators, so as to determine the method for evaluating the energy efficiency standard. A case study was conducted on the severe cold divisions, to examine the feasibility of the method. The result could be used to support the formation of energy conservation and facilitate the sustainable development for highway passenger stations.