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Snow cleaning of substrates increases yield of large-area organic photovoltaics

Authors: Nana Wang; Jeramy D. Zimmerman; Xiaoran Tong; Xin Xiao; Junsheng Yu; Stephen R. Forrest;

Snow cleaning of substrates increases yield of large-area organic photovoltaics

Abstract

We demonstrate large-area organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) based on boron-subphthalocyanine chloride (SubPc)/C60 and 2,4-bis[4-(N,N-diphenylamino)-2,6 dihydroxyphenyl]squaraine/C60 heterojunctions on substrates “snow-cleaned” with a jet of mixed-phase CO2. Snow cleaning reduces particulates on the indium-tin-oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrates, thereby reducing device shorts and shunt paths. Snow cleaning improves yield of 1.44 cm2 SubPc/C60 OPV cells from zero for conventionally solvent-cleaned substrates to ∼70%. The standard deviation of power conversion efficiency for a population of 19 snow-cleaned devices is ≤4.0%. By using a sub-electrode structure, we obtain a power conversion efficiency of 2.21% ± 0.05% for 6.25 cm2 SubPc/C60 devices, compared to 2.69% ± 0.03%, for 0.008 cm2 devices, with the efficiency decrease due to series resistance of the ITO.

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Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
30
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
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