Peroxynitrous acid (HOONO) is generated in a pulsed supersonic expansion through recombination of photolytically generated OH and NO2 radicals. A rotationally resolved infrared action spectrum of HOONO is obtained in the OH overtone region at 6971.351(4)cm−1 (origin), providing definitive spectroscopic identification of the trans-perp (tp) conformer of HOONO. Analysis of the rotational band structure yields rotational constants for the near prolate asymmetric top, the ratio of the a-type to c-type components of the transition dipole moment for the hybrid band, and a homogeneous linewidth arising from intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution and/or dissociation. The quantum state distribution of the OH (ν=0,JOH) products from dissociation is well characterized by a microcanonical statistical distribution constrained only by the energy available to products, 1304±38cm−1. This yields a 5667±38cm−1 [16.2(1)kcalmol−1] binding energy for tp-HOONO. An equivalent available energy and corresponding binding energy are obtained from the highest observed OH product state. Complementary high level ab initio calculations are carried out in conjunction with second-order vibrational perturbation theory to predict the spectroscopic observables associated with the OH overtone transition of tp-HOONO including its vibrational frequency, rotational constants, and transition dipole moment. The same approach is used to compute frequencies and intensities of multiple quantum transitions that aid in the assignment of weaker features observed in the OH overtone region, in particular, a combination band of tp-HOONO involving the HOON torsional mode.