This is a quantitative experimental study of the primary ionization of paraffin wax by beta-radiation. Electrons emitted by uranium and carbon 14 were used. Interpretation, by means of a simple theory, of experimental data on the electrical conductivity permits evaluation of the ionic mobility in paraffin and the efficiency of ion-pair production. Only small primary ions of relatively long mean life are detected by the conductivity method. Dipolar admixtures promote secondary reactions and lower the level of conductivities attained. No ionization was detected in two hydrocarbon polymers.