
doi: 10.1063/1.1692983
When electrons drift relative to ions across a magnetic field, the field-free instabilities can still persist. However, new possibilities for collective instabilities occur. In particular, an electrostatic instability with growth rate γ ∼ (me/mi)1/4Ωe can develop when ωpe ≫ Ωe, Te > Ti, and the electron drift velocity is less than the electron thermal velocity. This is due to the coupling of a Doppler-shifted ion mode and the electron cyclotron mode.
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